1. 故障分析

1. Fault analysis

內(nèi)窺鏡會出現(xiàn)的故障：圖像模糊，視場很暗。

Malfunctions that may occur with endoscopes: blurry images and a very dark field of view.

檢查內(nèi)窺鏡兩端是否有污物，用棉簽蘸酒精擦拭兩端鏡片后再觀察，故障依舊。

Check for dirt on both ends of the endoscope, wipe the lenses with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol, and observe again. The fault persists.

例如，在某一次維修的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)鏡鏡管外表面可見明顯凹痕，首先接通冷光源，觀察照明光纖沒有斷絲，確定不是因照明系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)致的圖像不清晰，接下來由鏡體部分輕輕搖動可聽到明顯聲音，說明內(nèi)部零件松動，由此判斷內(nèi)部光學(xué)系統(tǒng)損壞（棒鏡和間隔環(huán)），需要拆開維修。

For example, during a repair, obvious dents were found on the outer surface of the mirror tube. First, a cold light source was turned on, and the lighting fiber was observed to ensure that the image was not unclear due to the lighting system. Then, a slight shaking of the mirror body revealed a noticeable sound, indicating that the internal components were loose. Based on this, it was determined that the internal optical system (rod mirror and spacer ring) was damaged and needed to be disassembled for repair.

2. 內(nèi)窺鏡的拆卸

2. Disassembly of endoscope

因內(nèi)窺鏡外部由全不銹鋼打造，特別精密，拆開的難度不小，拆開之前必須仔細(xì)查看鏡子的大概結(jié)構(gòu)，找到正確的接口，再下手，以防破壞其照明系統(tǒng)，首先利用酒精燈加熱將目鏡端脫膠，再利用治具（平口鉗、三腳鉗及銅制目鏡圈等）拆卸，銅制目鏡圈為卡在目鏡端的治具，方便打開目鏡端，此治具可根據(jù)鏡子的不同尺寸自己制作。再利用各種治具打開鏡子時，切記謹(jǐn)慎小心，以防對鏡子的撞擊。因許多鏡子內(nèi)部上膠較多，打開時需要更加耐心，反復(fù)仔細(xì)是必備的素質(zhì)。打開接口處后，不可盲目拆開，每條鏡子的光學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)有所不同，需要看清每個零件的配合及位置方可拆下。

Due to the fact that the exterior of the endoscope is made of all stainless steel, which is particularly precise, it is difficult to disassemble. Before disassembling, it is necessary to carefully examine the approximate structure of the mirror, find the correct interface, and then proceed to prevent damage to its lighting system. First, use an alcohol lamp to heat and remove the eyepiece end, and then use fixtures (such as pliers, pliers, and copper eyepiece rings) to disassemble. The copper eyepiece ring is a fixture that is stuck at the eyepiece end, making it easy to open the eyepiece end. This fixture can be made according to the different sizes of the mirror. When using various fixtures to open the mirror, be careful and cautious to prevent impact on the mirror. Due to the excessive amount of glue applied to the interior of many mirrors, patience and careful repetition are essential qualities when opening them. After opening the interface, do not blindly disassemble it. The optical structure of each mirror is different, and it is necessary to see the fit and position of each component before disassembling it.

3. 光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的修復(fù)

3. Repair of optical system

內(nèi)窺鏡拆開后，采用逐一查看法，首先目鏡沒有損壞，接著對前面的棒鏡進(jìn)行分析，特別注意的是取出棒鏡是維修的關(guān)鍵，每條棒鏡的取出必須標(biāo)明方向及編號，每條鏡子都有其安裝誤差，否則打亂后會影響其光學(xué)成像。如果取出棒鏡時發(fā)現(xiàn)棒鏡一端已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重斷裂，其碎片已擠壓至間隔環(huán)中，故障原因找到，棒鏡的破損影響了光學(xué)成像，需要更換棒鏡。找到與其配套的棒鏡后安裝，觀察其成像效果，光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的搭配很重要，棒鏡的作用用于轉(zhuǎn)像及消色差，為粘合鏡片，觀察物體時成倒像，目的需使此棒鏡符合整個光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的成像，經(jīng)過反復(fù)調(diào)試，光學(xué)成像達(dá)到要求，此棒鏡可以使用，但成像質(zhì)量還比較差，需要進(jìn)行整個光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的清潔工作，利用脫脂棉、酒精、氣吹、依次對光學(xué)鏡片及硬管進(jìn)行清洗、擦凈，最后按照方向安裝、調(diào)試，觀察圖像后達(dá)到了清晰、明亮的效果。

After disassembling the endoscope, a step-by-step inspection is carried out. Firstly, the eyepiece is not damaged. Then, the front rod mirror is analyzed. It is particularly important to note that removing the rod mirror is the key to maintenance. The direction and number of each rod mirror must be indicated when removing it, and each mirror has its own installation error. Otherwise, if it is disrupted, it will affect its optical imaging. If it is found that one end of the rod mirror has been severely broken when removing it, and its fragments have been squeezed into the spacer ring, the cause of the fault will be found. The damage to the rod mirror affects optical imaging and needs to be replaced. After finding the matching rod mirror and installing it, observe its imaging effect. The matching of the optical system is very important. The function of the rod mirror is to convert images and eliminate chromatic aberration. It is a bonded lens that forms an inverted image when observing objects. The purpose is to make this rod mirror meet the imaging requirements of the entire optical system. After repeated testing, the optical imaging meets the requirements. This rod mirror can be used, but the imaging quality is still relatively poor. The entire optical system needs to be cleaned by using degreasing cotton, alcohol, air blowing, and sequentially cleaning and wiping the optical lens and hard tube. Finally, it is installed and tested in the direction, and the image is observed to achieve a clear and bright effect.

維修好的鏡子需要上膠，固膠，最后進(jìn)行圖像打印及測漏工作，檢測成功后方可完成工作

The repaired mirror needs to be glued, fixed, and finally subjected to image printing and leak detection work. The work can only be completed after successful detection

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